Asian factories lose momentum

Asian exporters lost momentum last month even before tariffs on US and Chinese goods kick in this week, pressuring regional factory activity in a worrying sign the Trump administration's "America First" protectionist policies could derail global growth.
Shipments from China and Japan, major manufacturing hubs, contracted in June, while businesses across Asia also took on higher input costs as the price of oil and other commodities rose, according to monthly manufacturing surveys.
A separate Bank of Japan survey showed business confidence among big manufacturers worsening for a second straight quarter, in a blow for Abenomics and the Bank of Japan's plans to wean the economy off stimulus.
Stocks eased and oil prices fell as data across Asia showed world trade might have peaked, suggesting the strain on regional economies is likely to intensify as the effects of the heated Sino-U.S trade war ripple through global supply chains.
"We expect the net contribution of trade to growth to become negative in the second half of the year, if it hasn't already for some countries," ANZ Asia economist Eugenia Victorino said.
"The story for 2018 then becomes domestic demand, but it is not a homogenous story ... and we don't expect a homogenous reaction from Asian central banks."
However, with the US Federal Reserve increasingly hawkish on rates, hardly any Asian central bank has any room to support consumption as they need to keep their own rates relatively high to prevent destabilising capital outflows.
Apart from China potentially cutting reserve requirements further this year, no other central bank is seen easing monetary policy, and the countries running current account deficits may have to hike rates further.
China's Caixin/Markit Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' index (PMI) declined to 51.0 in June from May's 51.1,with a subindex showing new export orders contracting for the third straight month and the most in two years.
An official PMI survey on Saturday also fuelled concerns about the strength of the world's second largest economy, where recent data including credit growth, investment and retail sales have disappointed.
"The latest PMI readings suggest that the economy lost some momentum last month. With credit growth still cooling and US tariffs imminent, we expect further weakness ahead," said Julian Evans-Pritchard, senior China economist at Capital Economics.
Other Asian economies have also had a bad month. The Indian rupee hit a record low against the dollar and the Indonesian rupiah and the Philippine peso have both hit multi-year lows, despite central banks raising rates.
After a surprise 50 basis points increase on Friday, on top of two earlier 25 bps hikes, Bank Indonesia has become the most hawkish central bank in Asia as it focuses on stabilising its markets, albeit at the expense of economic growth.
India has raised rates once and the Philippines twice. Both may hike further as their currencies, stocks and bonds are being punished by investors, nervous about current account deficits in a world where money gets scarcer and less cheap.
Indonesia's factory activity was the slowest since January, South Korea's contracted for a fourth straight month, while in Malaysia the pace of deterioration eased slightly as activity recovered from the uncertainty related to the country's shock election victory for the opposition. Taiwan and Vietnam posted stronger results. India's factories were also in good fettle last month, with solid overseas demand. Japan's June manufacturing PMI showed growth, but export orders contracted.
Together with BOJ's "tankan" survey, the data raises worries that the "Abenomics" stimulus programme is sputtering just as the government and the central bank wanted to tap the brakes.