RIGA: Latvians began voting on Sunday in a referendum on whether to make Russian the second official language, an issue that causes deep divisions in the former Soviet-ruled republic.
With ethnic Russians, mostly from a Soviet-era settler community, making up only a third of Latvia's two million people, the drive to give Russian equal constitutional status with Latvian does not look set to muster enough votes.
The campaign has highlighted deep fault-lines in Latvia, which regained its independence from Moscow in 1991 after five decades of Soviet rule and joined the European Union in 2004.
Pro-change campaigners say they want to end discrimination against Russian speakers.
Their opponents see the Latvian language as a symbol of freedom, remembering how thousands of ethnic Latvians were deported to Siberia and Russian was imposed in public life.
Worldwide, only 1.2 million people speak Latvian, compared to some 120 million who use Russian.
Latvia's President Andris Berzins has dismissed the referendum as an absurd attempt by radical Russian-speakers to grab the limelight after losing ground to moderates in a snap election.
Berzins also argues that the issue has little relevance to ordinary voters, as Latvia remains locked in an austerity drive after emerging from the world's deepest recession.
The hardline Russian-speakers' movement Native Tongue forced the referendum by collecting signatures from over 10 percent of voters.
But to change the constitution more than 770,000 people 50 percent of the electorate need to vote in favour.
An issue that rankles among Russian campaigners is that when Soviet citizenship became defunct after independence, the settler community's members did not get Latvian passports automatically.
Instead, they have had to apply for citizenship, which means passing a Latvian language test.
Otherwise they remain stateless as remains the case for 300,000 of them or have taken citizenship of Russia or other ex-Soviet republic such as Belarus or Ukraine.
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