Paul Volcker dies

Former US Federal Reserve chairman Paul Volcker, who tackled American inflation in the 1970s and 80s and later lent his name to landmark Wall Street reforms, has died in New York.

Volcker, who headed the US central bank from 1979 to 1987, was 92. The cause of his death Sunday was complications from prostate cancer, his daughter Janice Zima told AFP.

Tall and known for his dead-pan humor, Volcker forged a career as a financier and fiercely independent public servant who wielded monetary policy with authority and acumen.

A Democrat, he advised American leaders of both major parties, starting with Richard Nixon in 1971 at the US Treasury, where he helped guide the US exit from the gold standard.

His tenure ended with Barack Obama in 2008, when he called for stricter banking regulation in the wake of the global financial crisis.

But it was as Federal Reserve chairman, first under Jimmy Carter and then Ronald Reagan, that he left his deepest mark, albeit during difficult times, and earned the respect of economists around the world.

"I am deeply saddened by the passing of Paul Volcker. He believed there was no higher calling than public service," current Fed chairman Jerome Powell said in a statement.

"His life exemplified the highest ideals - integrity, courage, and a commitment to do what was best for all Americans. His contributions to the nation left a lasting legacy."

After announcing his candidacy for the White House in 2015, Donald Trump expressed admiration for Volcker, saying "there was something very solid about him."

Carter said Monday he was "deeply saddened" to learn of Volcker's death, calling him "a giant of public service," suggesting his actions may have helped cost Carter a second term but were still "the right thing to do."

Amid the oil crisis in the late 1970s, the American economy suffered rampant inflation. Carter bucked the advice of aides who said installing Volcker at the Fed would mean "tough medicine."

With inflation - which Volcker described as too much cash chasing too few goods - hitting an eye-watering 14 percent annually, he made no secret of his plans to raise interest rates.

"I don't think there is any feeling or any evidence around at the moment that the economy is suffering grievously from a shortage of money," Volcker testified during his Senate confirmation.

With Volcker at the helm, the Fed raised interest rates from 11 percent to 20 percent (today, by comparison, they are in a range of 1.5 to 1.75 percent).

Such drastic tightening was especially painful and hit during a recession. Auto dealers sent him car keys in coffins. Building contractors mailed him wood planks they could not use, since homes were not selling. Farmers drowning in debt drove tractors to encircle the central bank's offices.