All 16 economists polled by Reuters had said they expected the monetary policy committee to keep rates steady after doing so ever since cutting them from 0.25% more than a year ago.
Israel's inflation rate moved to 0.8% in April from 0.2% in March, just below the government's 1-3% annual target range. While the economy contracted an annualised 6.5% in the first quarter from the prior three months, growth is expected to reach 4-6% in 2021 given more than half of Israeli adults are already vaccinated and the economy has largely reopened.
Five out of six MPC members had voted to keep Israel's benchmark interest rate at 0.1% on April 19, minutes of the discussions showed on Monday
"The opening of the economy and the return to normal life in Israel are expected to support continued rapid growth in the coming year," the minutes said.
"Don't extend them," Yaron told Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu when he delivered the Bank of Israel's annual report. "Let people understand they need to return to the employment cycle."
Israel's economy shrank 2.5% in 2020 due to the virus, but Yaron said Israel's performance was decent versus other countries due to strong high-tech exports.
All 15 economists polled by Reuters had said they expected the monetary policy committee to keep rates steady after doing so ever since cutting them from 0.25% early last April.
Central bank officials have expressed reluctance to lower the key rate from an all-time low to zero or into negative territory despite a strong shekel and three lockdowns.
The broad unemployment rate increased during the third lockdown, to about 20 percent in the second half of January, after having declined to about 13 percent during the period between the lockdowns.
From the previous interest rate decision until January 14, the shekel strengthened by 3.2 percent in terms of the nominal effective exchange rate.
It was the first time the economy had shrunk since a marginal decline in 2002, but Israel in 2020 outperformed a 5.5% average contraction in OECD countries.
The economy, which grew 3.4% in 2019, had been expected to shrink 3.3% to 3.7% in 2020 based on government and central bank estimates because of COVID-19.
Israel has extended its third and latest lockdown until at least Friday as high levels of COVID-19 infections persist, despite the country's rapid vaccine rollout.
Based on Tax Authority data, the volume of business closures declined markedly during the crisis, the report said.
The central bank said on Thursday it planned to buy $30 billion of foreign currency in 2021 - up from $21 billion in 2020.
We are trying to prevent an over-appreciation of the currency (shekel) in the short term that will make it difficult for companies when the exchange rate comes back
The shekel earlier in the day reached 3.11 per dollar, its strongest level since 1996. It changed directions after the bank's announcement, weakening to 3.19.
The central bank said the policy change would also support the economy against the ramifications of the COVID-19 crisis.
The Bank of Israel said on Monday it expects the economy to rebound quickly in 2021 if the country's fast start to vaccinating people against COVID-19 is maintained.